Abstract

The purpose of this study was to investigate the various causes of visual morbidity in children aged 6 months to 5 years who had delayed milestones, with the goal of improving early detection of ocular abnormalities in these children. Methodology: This study was performed in children aged 6 months to 5 years, with delayed developmental milestones, who attended the Ophthalmology out-patient department (referred from Paediatric O.P.D.). Results: In our study, we have concluded that, 73 out of the 100 children had ocular manifestations. The most common ocular manifestation is refractive error (53%), which when treated as early as possible, can prevent the development of amblyopia. The second most common manifestation was strabismus (21%), which is again a treatable cause of visual impairment. The one other treatable cause of blindness was cataract, which was seen in 2% of the cases. Other manifestations seen were nystagmus (3%), optic atrophy (4%) and CVI (2%). Among the children with ocular manifestations, 15 had antenatal events, 15 had history of preterm birth and 36 had history of perinatal risk factors, most common being perinatal asphyxia, which was commonly seen in association with optic atrophy, nystagmus and CVI. The most common form of developmental delay was Global developmental delay (59%). In a child with developmental delay, it becomes crucial to help the child lead a normal life, personally, socially and academically. Thus it is very important toscreen these children for associated ocular abnormalities, when uncorrected, can impede the normal activities of their daily life. It is also important to diagnose the preventable risk factors at an early stage. Conclusion: Our study concluded that, a complete ocular examination should become an integral part of clinical work up of all children with delayed milestones, even if there is no evidence of gross ocular dysfunction. Early recognition of such abnormalities may prove critical in managing all cases that are amenable to treatment.

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