Abstract

Background: Pancytopenia is defined as reduction of all the three formed elements of blood below the normal reference range. The severity of pancytopenia and the underlying pathology determines the management and prognosis. Present study was aimed to study bone marrow morphology in cases of pancytopenia at a tertiary hospital. Material and Methods: Present study was single-center, prospective, observational study conducted in patients with hematological diagnosis of pancytopenia (Haemoglobin < 10 gms, Total leucocyte count < 4000/cumm & Platelet count < 100,000/cumm) after complete hemogram study, Results: Most of the patients were in the age group of 11-20 years (32.7%) and male to female ratio was 1.16:1. The predominant blood picture was dimorphic anemia (48.1%), followed by Microcytic hypochromic anemia (30.1%). In present study, bone marrow cellularity Hypercellular (64.1 %) in majority of cases followed by Normocellular (17.9%), Unsatisfactory (9.6 %) & Hypocellular (8.3 %). A total of 156 cases were diagnosed on bone marrow aspiration with dimorphic anemia as the commonest diagnosis (41%). Megaloblastic anemia was diagnosed as the second common diagnosis (25%). Among 156 cases which were diagnosed on aspiration we have done bone marrow biopsy for103 cases. Dimorphic anemia was the commonest diagnosis (43.6%). Conclusion: Dimorphic anemia was the commonest cause of pancytopenia in the present study followed by megaloblastic anemia. This seems to reflect higher prevalence of nutritional anaemia in the Indian subjects.

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