Abstract

Preterm labor is a significant public health concern due to its association with adverse neonatal outcomes. Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of preterm labor is essential for targeted interventions and improved maternal and neonatal health. This prospective cohort study aimed to determine the prevalence of preterm labor and identify the associated risk factors among pregnant women. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on a sample of pregnant women attending prenatal clinics in a specific region. Data on maternal characteristics, medical history, lifestyle factors, and obstetric factors were collected through interviews and medical record reviews. Participants were followed up until delivery, and cases of preterm labor were identified. Statistical analysis, including multivariate regression, was performed to assess the association between potential risk factors and preterm labor. Results: Maternal age, previous preterm birth, and multiple pregnancies exhibited strong associations with preterm labor, as indicated by odds ratios of 1.52, 2.86, and 2.09, respectively (all with p-values <0.001). Maternal smoking, low maternal BMI, and socioeconomic disadvantage also showed statistically significant associations. Other risk factors, such as history of infections, maternal hypertension, maternal diabetes, maternal stress, and maternal substance abuse, had weaker or non-significant associations. These findings highlight the significance of these risk factors in predicting preterm labor in the studied cohort. Conclusion: This prospective cohort study provides valuable insights into the prevalence and risk factors of preterm labor among pregnant women. The findings suggest that targeted interventions addressing modifiable risk factors such as maternal age, smoking, and medical conditions may help reduce the incidence of preterm labor. Further research and implementation of preventive strategies are warranted to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with preterm birth.

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