Abstract

After cardiovascular disease, which is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality among patients receiving hemodialysis (H.D.), infections remain the top cause. The aim of this study was to discover fungal and bacterial infections in patients undergoing kidney transplantation with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and to evaluate the risk factors associated with these infections. Materials and methods: An investigation that was prospective and cross-sectional was carried out over the course of two years. Participants in the research were individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who were over 20 years old, still experiencing hypertension, 48 hours after jugular catheters and arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) were inserted. These patients exhibited symptoms and signs of inflammation at various places. The collection of blood, sputum, urine, and catheter tips was carried out in a sterile environment. Then, they were placed through automated culture and sensitivity testing to identify bacterial and fungal infections. Through the utilization of the SPSS program (version 2.0), statistical analysis was carried out. Results: Two hundred and sixty-six percent of the patients who participated in the study were related to microbial illnesses, with forty-three percent of those patients having bacterial infections. The bulk of the clinical samples included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as the most often isolated bacterial strains. Patients who had dialysis more frequently than twice a week were far more likely to get bacterial infections. Numerous comorbidities affected these individuals. Candida albicans was the most often isolated species, and candidemia was observed in 3% of the patients. Conclusion: Patients varied in age from 61 to 70 years, with the majority of them being male. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension were the most common comorbidities among the individuals. Klebsiella pneumoniae, which accounted for nine percent of all MDR gram-negative bacterial isolates, led the pack. Caspofungin, Micafungin, Voriconazole, and Flucytosine were all effective treatments for Candida albicans isolates obtained from the laboratory.

Description