Abstract

The pathological changes of pregnancy induced hypertension appear to be related to vascular endothelial dysfunction and its consequences. The retinal vascular changes generally, but not always, correlate with the severity of systemic hypertension. Progression of retinal changes correlates with progression of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and foetal mortality due to similar vascular ischaemic changes in placenta. Aim & Objective: 1. Prevalence of hypertensive retinopathy in pregnancy induced hypertension 2. To study the ocular fundus changes in pregnancy induced hypertension. Methods: Study design: Prospective observational Study. Study setting: Department of ophthalmology of tertiary care center. Study duration: October-2020 to October-2022. Study population: The study population included all the cases with PIH admitted in OBGY department and referred to ophthalmology department for fundus changes such cases were included in the study. Sample size: 115 Results: maximum number of PIH patients 70 (60.9%) belonged to age group 21-25 years followed by 30 (26.1%) PIH patients belonged to 26-30 years. About 10(8.7%) PIH patients were belonged to 31-35 years & only 5 (4.3%) PIH patients were aged between 36-40 years. Among 115 PIH patients 82 (71.30%) were had severe pre-eclampsia followed by 28 (24.35%) had mild pre-eclampsia & 5 (4.35%) had eclampsia. among 115 PIH patients 91 (79.1%) had no any complaint. About 13 (11.3%) had headache & blurring of vision followed by 6 (5.2%) had headache & 5 (4.3%) had blurring of vision. 42 (36.5%) PIH patients had no any retinal changes on fundus finding. The most common fundus finding among PIH patients was generalised arteriolar attenuation 45 (39.1%) followed by focal generalised arteriolar attenuation 20 (17.4%). About 6 (5.2%) PIH patients showed flame shaped haemorrhages, Cotton wool spot & 2(1.7%) PIH patients showed flame shaped haemorrhages, Cotton wool spot, Papilledema on fundus examination. There is statistically highly significant association between severity of PIH & hypertensive retinopathy (p 0.000). Conclusion: early detection of ophthalmic fundus changes and early management will prevent the adverse maternal and foetal outcome.

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