Abstract

Hypochloraemia is associated with higherrates of short as well as long-term mortality, and that blood chloride levels are a better predictive indicator of heart failure than serum sodium levels. Due to the fact that chloride will not be distally reabsorbed, unlike sodium, loop diuretics do not prevent hypochloremia. Since there haven't been many studies conducted in the western part of Uttar Pradesh, this subject has been chosen for further study. Material and Methods: Inclusion criteria-All Patients older than 18 years and admitted with a diagnosis of congestive heart failure including both HFrEF (heart failure with reduced ejection fraction) and HFpEF (heart failure with preserved ejection fraction). Exclusion Criteria - Patients on drugs like corticosteroids, laxatives, bicarbonates, Patients had prior heart transplantation or mechanical circulatory assist device, Patients having sepsis, Patients with COPD with respiratory failure, Patients with pregnancy, or malignancy & Patients who has showed unwillingness to give consent. Results: The study was a prospective observational hospitalbased study carried out in the Department of Medicine at Teerthanker Mahaveer Medical College and Research Centre. Majority of subjects (>85%) were above 40 years of age. The most common presenting complaint was swelling in lower limbs and shortness of breath (SOB). 79.1% subjects were in NYHA IV category while 20.9% were in NYHA III category. 38.4% of study subjects had heart murmurs. 18.6% of study subjects had hypochloremia while 81.4% had normal chloride levels. Conclusion: Several clinical trials investigating serum chloride role in acute and chronic HF have shown hypochloremia to be strongly associated with death, with varied conclusions depending on the severity of the sickness and the research population. Intracellular chloride sensors, which may be therapeutically addressed, affect diuretic resistance.

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