Abstract

This study aims to ascertain the clinical range, predictors, socio-demographic variables, and outcomes linked to severe acute malnutrition (SAM). Additionally, the findings of this study will contribute to the enhancement of the management protocol for children with similar conditions in this specific geographical region. Methodology: This study was conducted as a prospective observational investigation. The study focused on children between the ages of one month and five years who were admitted to the pediatric ward. The study included children diagnosed with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) according to the criteria established by the World Health Organisation (WHO). A classification of wasting was used for distinguishing the mild, moderate and severe wasting. A z score less than -1 was attributed to mild wasting while -2 and -3 was attributed to moderate and severe wasting. Results: A total of 123(62.1%) cases were not immunized. Only 27 (13.7%) children had successfully undergone the immunization process. The major symptoms were fever in 140 (70.6%) cases, 112 (56.8%) were suffering from diarrhea, and 100 (50.8%) cases of lethargy were reported. Weight loss and cough were reported in 98 (49.7%) and 94 (47.6%) cases. The mean duration of hospitalization for children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) was found to be 19.53 ± 9.54 days, with a range of 3 to 35 days. The duration of hospitalization was significantly longer in patients who presented with shock (P<0.05), hypoglycemia (P<0.05), lethargy (P<0.05), and sepsis (P<0.05) upon admission. Conclusion: The prevalence of SAM is observed in children aged 6 to 24 months. The implementation of the revised World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines for the management of hospitalized patients has demonstrated a significant reduction in mortality rates, hence achieving a satisfactory level of patient outcomes.

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