Abstract

Bronchogenic carcinoma was considered to be rare in the beginning of the century but has now reached epidemic proportions. This dramatic increase correlates with the widespread prevalence of cigarette smoking. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality for both men and women, responsible for more deaths than prostate, breast, and colorectal cancers combined. Bronchogenic carcinoma is typically detected first on chest radiography but computed tomography (CT) scan is the most important imaging technique, providing both TNM staging information and assessment of recurrence because of its better spatial resolution. CT provides precise characterization of the size, contour, extent and tissue composition of the suspicious lesion. Materials & Methods: This is a prospective study was conducted in the Department of Department of Radio diagnosis, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences from July 2016 to June 2017. Patients with clinical or radiological suspicion of bronchogenic carcinoma referred for CT scan of thorax was taken. Data was collected from cases of suspected bronchogenic carcinoma referred for CT scan of thorax by purposive sampling using a proforma. All scans are done using GE bright speed 16 slice MDCT with 120 KVp and 300 mAs with 5mm section thickness, retro reconstruction of 0.625mm section thickness and reformation. Results: In our study, out of 50 patients we studied, 38 were male and 12 were female, with male: female ratio of 3:1. Age range of patients included 40-80 (mean age of 55 years). Highest incidence of lung carcinoma was found in the age group of 60-70 years (almost 50%). Out of 50 patients, CT guided transthoracic biopsy was done in 40 patients and USG guided biopsy in 7 patients and transbronchial biopsy in 3 patients. Among these 50 patients, 21 cases were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma (42%). 11 patients (22%) with small cell type. 10 patients (20%) with BAC. 8 patients (16%) being diagnosed squmaous cell type. In regard to the radiological pattern of lung carcinoma, most of the adenocarcinoma presented with pulmonary lesion less than 4 cm and 6 patients presented with pneumonitis and 2 with apical mass. Out of these, three patients had mediastinal involvement and 2 patients had malignant pleural effusion. Conclusion: CT scan is the modality of choice for the detection of bronchogenic carcinoma, staging of bronchogenic carcinoma and in the evaluation of metastases. It is very helpful in performing transthoracic biopsies and to the arrival of histopathological diagnosis. Early diagnosis can help better survival.

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