Abstract

Our study was designed to find out the incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus by using 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test as a single step procedure to both screen and diagnose and to know the effects of gestational diabetes towards maternal and fetal outcome. 500 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy were screened with 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test. Those with 2 hour venous plasma glucose of >140mg/dl were diagnosed as gestational diabetes and were put under medical nutrition therapy or insulin. All the cases were followed up till delivery for fetal and maternal outcome. The overall incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus was 5.2%. It was more common in obese patients, with family history of diabetes and in multigravidas. Maternal complications like vaginal candidiasis, hypertension, polyhydramnios, and preterm labour were more common in diabetic group. Fetal outcomes like macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, still birth, hypoglycemia, congenital anomalies, trauma during delivery were all found to be more in patients with gestational diabetes. The rise in prevalence of Gestational Diabetes in our community and its associated increased risk of pregnancy and delivery complications justifies a need to screen pregnant mothers who attend the antenatal clinic. This single step procedure (75gm OGTT) is a simple economic and feasible method. It serves both for the purpose of screening and diagnosis at the same time.

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