Abstract

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) refers to bacterial pneumonia developed in patients who have been mechanically ventilated for a duration of more than 48 hours. VAP is the leading cause of nosocomial mortality for patients with respiratory failure and crude mortality rates are reported between 20-70%. Present study was aimed to study clinical profile and risk factors in adult patients with ventilator associated pneumonia at a ICU in tertiary hospital. Material and Methods: Present study was single-center, prospective, observational study, conducted patients of age > 18 years, either gender, having received mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours. Results: In present study, among total 80 cases, 75% were males and 25% were females. Mean age of patients in the study was 45.65 years. Age of the patients varied from 18 to 78 years, majority were from the age group of 18 to 30 (25 %) & 41 to 50 years (24 %) of age. The overall prevalence of VAP patients is 44% and that of VAP negative patients is 56%. Of the poisoning cases, 60% were VAP positive followed by hanging 17% cases, acute encephalopathy 11%, snake bite and acute CVA accounts for 6% of cases. About 80% of patients who were ventilated for more than 5 days developed VAP, association was statistically significant. Of the VAP positive cases, 71% cases survived and 29% cases expired. Of the VAP positive cases, 60% cases had growth in tracheal aspirate culture and 40% cases were growth negative. Pseudomonas aeruginosa accounts for 43% of growth among VAP patients, followed by Klebsiella oxytoca (24%), Klebsiella pneumonia (19%), Acinetobacter species (10%), Escherichia coli (5%). Conclusion: The incidence of VAP is more in diabetic patients, increased duration of intubation is more and majority developed VAP within 96 hours of ventilation.

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