Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome characterized by abnormal insulin secretion, derangement in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and is diagnosed by the presence of hyperglycemia. Lipid abnormalities significantly contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease and other morbidity in diabetics. There is a growing body of evidence showing that hyperglycaemia and dyslipidaemia are linked to increased cardiovascular risk. Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is generated by hyperglycaemia, is one of the major foci of recent research related to diabetes mellitus. Initial treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus includes Monotherapy with metformin is indicated for most patients. Material and Methods: This is a prospective and observational study was conducted in the Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital over a period of 1 year. The patients were selected according to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and include only those with type 2 diabetes, for a minimum of 3 months, and who met the following criteria for the study. These criteria were: type 2 diabetes mellitus without malnutrition or severe complications of the disease (cardiovascular, renal, visual and cerebral). Measurement of the variations of Physiological and Biochemical parameters was used to check. Spirometry is the most frequently used measure of lung function and is a measure of volume against time. Results: In our study, FEV1 in Case Group was 2.42±0.44 and in Control Group 3.84±0.45. FVC of Case Group: 2.83±0.29 and Control Group: 3.79±0.45. There was statistical Significant between two groups. The differences in oxidative stress parameters across groups. Between controls and cases participants, there was a significant difference in TAOS (p<0.000) and MDA (p<0.000). In this study shows that mono and combination therapies for the treatment of type II DM. The present study revealed that most of the physicians initially prescribed mono therapy (25%) includes Metformin/Glibenclamide/Glimepiride/Gliclazide to control hyperglycaemia followed by dual therapy (35%) FDC of Metformin + Pioglitazone/Metformin + Glipizide/Metformin + Glimepiride/ Metformin + Saxagliptin/ Metformin +Voglibose and triple therapy (40%) includes Metformin + Glimepiride + Pioglitazone in Case group. Conclusion: Patient-centered diabetes management can be accomplished with lifestyle modification and combination therapy. Metformin is an optimal first-line agent; newer GLP1 and SGLT2 agents have efficacy for glucose lowering coupled with weight loss and potential cardiovascular risk reduction; and insulin therapy is generally safe and effective for patients not controlled with noninsulin agents.

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