Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death and a major health problem worldwide. COPD is complicated by acute exacerbations that are associated with healthcare expenditures and high morbidity. Patients with severe COPD exacerbation have factors that influence serum electrolyte imbalance, such as hypoxia, respiratory acidosis, metabolic abnormalities such as serum electrolyte imbalance, uremia, and liver function abnormalities. Serum electrolyte imbalance such as hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and elevated levels of transaminases, blood urea, and serum creatinine are either caused by the disease process or the therapy initiated.

Description