Abstract

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a significant public health concern, particularly among pregnant women, due to its potential adverse effects on maternal and fetal health. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia, exploring seasonal variations and the influence of age on vitamin D status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant women attending medical laboratories in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia during both winter and summer seasons. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels were measured, and demographic data, including age, were collected. Statistical analyses were performed to assess seasonal variations in vitamin D status and examine correlations between age and vitamin D levels. Results: The study included a total of 165 pregnant women, with 80 participants during each season. Mean serum vitamin D levels were significantly higher during the summer season compared to winter (12.25 ng/mL vs. 8.24 ng/mL, respectively). However, there was no significant correlation between age and vitamin D levels in either season. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was notable, with 59% of participants classified as deficient (25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL). Conclusion: This study highlights the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia, with seasonal variations observed in vitamin D status. While age did not significantly influence vitamin D levels, strategies to improve vitamin D status, including promoting sunlight exposure and dietary interventions, are warranted to mitigate the adverse health effects associated with vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy.

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