Abstract

A combination of lifestyle modifications and drug therapy is required for diabetic patients in order to achieve and maintain long-term good metabolic control. The risk of macrovascular and microvascular problems is considerably reduced by achieving near-normal glycated haemoglobin levels. For the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), various medications, both oral and injectable, are currently available. The need of maintaining good glycaemic control is emphasized in treatment algorithms intended to slow the onset or progression of diabetes complications. The objective of this review is to provide an update on the advantages and disadvantages of various medicines used to treat T2DM, both now and in the future. The first course of action should emphasize a change in lifestyle. Furthermore, lifestyle changes have been proved to be beneficial, even though they frequently result in long-term complications for many people because of issues like metabolic illnesses, joint and bone disorders, cardio-vascular diseases, hypertension, obesity, violence, and other issues that can be caused on by an unhealthy lifestyle. Doctors should be knowledgeable about the various types of diabetes medications currently available so they may choose the ones that are the most productive, secure, and patient-friendly. For the majority of patients, metformin continues to be the drug of choice. Depending on the features of each patient, second-line therapy choices or other alternative therapies should be tailored. The treatments for T2DM patients are reviewed in this article, with a focus on medications that have been on the market for less than ten years.

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