Abstract

Understanding the risk factors and predictors of atypical pneumonia, co-morbid conditions, and complications in COVID-19 patients is crucial for effective management and public health interventions. Aim: To unveil the demographic characteristics, pre-existing conditions, disease manifestations, complications, predictive factors, and mortality rates among COVID-19 patients in Purwanchal, Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted, analyzing data from 200 COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary care centre in Purwanchal for the duration of six months. Information regarding demographic profiles, pre-existing conditions, disease manifestations, complications, predictive factors, and mortality rates was extracted from electronic medical records. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed for data analysis. Results: The study revealed a diverse demographic distribution among COVID-19 patients in Purwanchal, with a mean age of 45.46±11.24 years and a gender distribution of 110 (55%) male and 90 (45%) female participants. Hypertension [76 (38%)], diabetes mellitus [60 (30%)], and obesity [40 (20%)] were prevalent pre-existing conditions. Approximately 140 (70%) of patients developed atypical pneumonia, characterized by radiological findings of ground-glass opacities and consolidations. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome [60 (30%)], sepsis [36 (18%)], and thromboembolic events [24 (12%)]. Advanced age (>65 years) (odds ration (OR) = 2.8; 95% Confidence interval (CI) =2.0-3.7), hypertension (OR = 2.0; 95% CI =1.5-2.8), and obesity (OR = 1.7; 95% CI= 1.0-3.7) were identified as significant predictors of severe outcomes. The overall mortality rate was 15% (n=30), with higher mortality rates observed among older age groups and patients with comorbidities. Conclusion: This study provides valuable insights into the risk factors and predictors of atypical pneumonia, co-morbid conditions, and complications among COVID-19 patients in Purwanchal, Uttar Pradesh. The findings underscore the importance of targeted interventions and risk stratification strategies to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 and improve patient outcomes in the region.

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