Abstract

Many factors have been suggested as causes for this relationship, such as insulin resistance, hypertension, and reduced high-density lipoprotein. However, it has also been suggested that a reduction in autonomic function might be the mechanism for the increased prevalence of CVD in obesity. Recent studies have concentrated on the autonomic activity of the heart itself reported controversial findings. The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, papillary response, urination, and sexual arousal through its two branches: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Heart rate variability (HRV) measures the effect of autonomic function on the heart alone. Even a slight variation in autonomic regulation of the heart changes the heart rate and rhythm. The HRV looks through beat-to-beat variation during electrocardiogram (ECG) recording. Therefore, it could be the most useful and the simplest noninvasive method to investigate the effect of obesity on CVD. It is important to emphasize the effect of obesity on HRV, as decreased HRV significantly increases cardiovascular mortality. Because the autonomic nervous system controls a significant part of the internal functions of the body, fat disequilibrium in obesity is an important negative factor. The techogram shows HRV variability in figure 1. The risk of diseases appears to increase as a function of the percent fat content above an upper limit of normal in the body

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